Drug Review Drug And Management Of Alcohol Dependence Essay

Assignment 2: Drug Review Essay: Drug Name: Naltrexone PART A - RESEARCH ESSAY (Maximum 7.5 pages) Introduction Naltrexone, better known by its marketing name ReVia (names- Depade and Vivitrol also common), is an opioid receptor antagonist used heavily in treatment and management of alcohol dependence. Originally synthesized and patented by a small pharmaceutical company namely â€Å"Endo Laboratories† in New York, it acts as a competitive reversible antagonist to the opioid receptor – a group of G-Protein Coupled receptors distributed in the Brain, spinal cord as well as the digestive tract and are often associated as the part of the brain that cause a person to feel ‘euphoria’ induced by narcotics and alcohol [1]. Promoted as a remedy for opioid addiction the drug was developed originally for the treatment for addictive narcotics such as morphine, heroine oxycodone. Naltrexone shares most of its chemical structure with oxymorphone, and comes under the class of opioid receptor antagonist drugs such as Naloxone, Nalorphine etc. It is administered generally in its ta blet form. Metabolism happens predominantly on hepatic sites and limits the bioavailability to a very high extent. Principal excretion takes place via the urine. Naltrexone treatment is just a part of combination of drug therapy, counselling and critical support to lead an alcohol free lifestyle. Oral administration in its salt form Naltrexone hydrochloride combined with psychosocial therapy was found to decreaseShow MoreRelated Eating Disorders And Substance Abuse Essay1636 Words   |  7 Pagesthis paper is the comorbidity of eating disorders and drug/alcohol abuse. In a review of fifty-one studies by Lilenfeld and Kaye, rates of alcohol/drug abuse were found to differ significantly among restricting anorexics, binge eating/purging anorexics and bulimics. 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FurthermoreRead MoreEffects of Alcohol Abuse1616 Words   |  7 PagesAlcohol abuse The term alcohol abuse in this case encompasses harmful use of alcohol and misuse of alcohol resulting from dependence. The experience of alcohol abuse can have far-reaching consequences on the family, the community, and the nation. According to NIDA, drug and substance abuse costs the nation $600 Billion every year. This cost factors in crime, healthcare, and lost productivity. Alcohol accounts for 40% of this cost. 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Tenessee Williams the Glass Menagerie - 1551 Words

The Glass Menagerie The glass menagerie is a superb work of art by Tennessee Williams. It is a play that highlights the various realities and desperations of its characters in their response to a confused society. Williams has an admirable talent for creating a play that’s genre is serious and has a tragic ending; yet he keeps the story interesting to the audience whether it be through reading it as a text or in the theater. The story of the Glass Menagerie is an emotional recount of memories that the narrator, Tom, recalls regarding the events leading to his tragic, and eventually regrettable, departure from his home. Tom comes from a dysfunctional family of which each member has their own fantasy world that they like to escape†¦show more content†¦This embarrassment and exaggeration ultimately lead to Laura’s incapability to stand any social situations. This ultimately leads to her incapability to go to school or get a job. She would be affected by Tomâ €™s decision to leave because she herself can not hold a job due to the fact that she faints or becomes ill in social situations and she would be left alone with their mother which would not be desirable. The fourth member of the Wingfield household is Mr. Wingfield whom although is never physically present is immortalized in a picture on a wall. Amanda refers to him as â€Å"The telephone man that fell in love with the long distances and never came home.† Jim is the final character in the play tom refers to Jim as the â€Å"Most realistic character in the play.† Jim as a natural will to help people and tries to help Laura gain confidence in herself when he talks to her after dinner. Although Jim is the direct reason of the final confrontation between Amanda and Tom, he is not the reason that Tom leaves his family. Williams uses exposition in The Glass Menagerie in many places. For example during Tom’s final narration she says, â€Å"I pass a lighted window of a shop where perfume is sold. The window is filled with pieces of colored glass, tiny transparent bottles in delicate colors like bits of a shattered rainbow. Then all at once my sister touches my shoulder. I turn aroundShow MoreRelatedTenessee Williams The Glass Menagerie1957 Words   |  8 Pages TThis essay will discuss the metaphors associated with the characters in The Glass Menagerie and how each of these metaphors represents a fragment of the American Dream. She is like a piece of her glass collection, too fragile to be brought into the real world without being devastated. Because of her sensibility, she has avoided dealing with people for so long that when she finally tries to socialise with Jim, she fails to see that she is being manipulated. Amanda is a faded Southern belle whoRead MoreLiterary Analysis of The Glass Menagerie by Tenessee Williams1462 Words   |  6 PagesThe Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams had ordinary people in an ordinary life that closely resembled the influences of Williams’ personal life while having reoccurring themes and motifs throughout the story. The play has been done by many with some variations in the scripts and setting while still clinging to the basic ideas of the original play. Amanda Wingfield was a complex character that encompassed many facets of her personality. She longed to have the life she had as a girl and youngRead MoreAnalysis Of The Play The Glass Menagerie 1281 Words   |  6 PagesDevin Simpson Professor Carusp The Glas Menagerie 4/29/15 Within the play The Glass Menagerie, Amanda, Laura, and Tom Wingfield all of have their own dreams that are continuously destroyed by the harshness of reality. Amanda, stuck in the ease of her youth, tries to relive her life through her daughter Laura. Being crippled both physically and mentally, Laura struggles to escape the bubble she has created around herself that her mother Amanda so strongly tries to force her out of. Tom whom, althoughRead MoreBelonging Essay4112 Words   |  17 PagesHeat and Dust Winch, Tara June, Swallow the Air Gaita, Raimond, Romulus, My Father Miller, Arthur, The Crucible: A Play in Four Acts Harrison, Jane, Rainbow’s End Luhrmann, Baz, Strictly Ballroom - film De Heer, Rolf, Ten Canoes - film Shakespeare, William, As You Like It Skrzynecki, Peter, Immigrant Chronicle Dickinson, Emily, Selected Poems of Emily Dicksinson Herrick, Steven, The Simple Gift Baillie, Alan, The China Coin Russell, Willy, Educating Rita Cleven,Vivienne et al (eds), Conte mporary Indigenous

LIFE IS A DREAM Essay Paper Example For Students

LIFE IS A DREAM Essay Paper A monologue from the play by Pedro Calderon de la Barca NOTE: This monologue is reprinted from Eight Dramas of Calderon. Trans. Edward Fitzgerald. London: Macmillan Co., 1906. KING: Rise, both of you,Rise to my arms, Astolfo and Estrella;As my two sisters children always mine,Now more than ever, since myself and PolandSolely to you for our succession lookd.And now give ear, you and your several factions,And you, the Peers and Princes of this realm,While I reveal the purport of this meetingIn words whose necessary length I trustNo unsuccessful issue shall excuse.You and the world who have surnamed me SageKnow that I owe that title, if my due,To my long meditation on the bookWhich ever lying open overheadThe book of heaven, I meanso few have read;Whose golden letters on whose sapphire leaf,Distinguishing the page of day and night,And all the revolution of the year;So with the turning volume where they lieStill changing their prophetic syllables,They register the destinies of men:Until with eyes that, dim with years indeed,Are quicker to pursue the stars than rule them,I get the start of Time, and from his handThe wand of tardy revelation draw.Oh, had the sel f-same heaven upon his pageInscribed my death ere I should read my lifeAnd, by fore-casting of my own mischance,Play not the victim but the suicideIn my own tragedy!But you shall hear.You know how once, as kings must for their people,And only once, as wise men for themselves,I wood and wedded: know too that my QueenIn childbirth died; but not, as you believe,With her, the son she died in giving life to.For, as the hour of birth was on the stroke,Her brain conceiving with her womb, she dreamdA serpent tore her entrail. And too surely(For evil omen seldom speaks in vain)The man-child breaking from that living tombThat makes our birth the antitype of death,Man-grateful, for the life she gave him paidBy killing her: and with such circumstanceAs suited such unnatural tragedy;He coming into light, if light it wereThat darkend at his very horoscope,When heavens two championssun and moon I meanSuffused in blood upon each other fellIn such a raging duel of eclipseAs hath not terrified the un iverseSince that which wept in blood the death of Christ:When the dead walkd, the waters turnd to blood,Earth and her cities totterd, and the worldSeemd shaken to its last paralysis.In such a paroxysm of dissolutionThat son of mine was born; by that first actHeading the monstrous catalogue of crime,I found fore-written in his horoscope;As great a monster in mans historyAs was in nature his nativity;So savage, bloody, terrible, and impious,Who, should he live, would tear his countrys entrails,As by his birth his mothers; with which crimeBeginning, he should clench the dreadful taleBy trampling on his fathers silver head.All which fore-reading, and his act of birthFates warrant that I read his life aright;To save his country from his mothers fate,I gave abroad that he had died with herHis being slew; with midnight secrecyI had him carried to a lonely towerHewn from the mountain-barriers of the realm,And under strict anathema of deathGuarded from mens inquisitive approach,Save from the trusty few one needs must trust;Who while his fastend body they provideWith salutary garb and nourishment,Instruct his soul in what no soul may missOf holy faith, and in such other loreAs may solace his life-imprisonment,And tame perhaps the Savage prophesiedToward such a trial as I aim at now,And now demand your special hearing to.What in this fearful business I have done,Judge whether lightly or maliciously,I, with my own and only flesh and blood,And proper lineal inheritor!I swear, had his foretold atrocitiesTouchd me alone, I had not saved myselfAt such a cost to him; but as a king,A Christian king,I say, advisedly,Who would devote his people to a tyrantWorse than Caligula fore-chronicled?But even this not without mis-giving,Lest by some chance mis-reading of the stars,Or mis-direction of what rightly read,I wrong my son of his prerogative,And Poland of her rightful sovereign.For, sure and certain prophets as the stars,Although they err not, he who reads them may;Or rightly rea dingseeing there is OneWho governs them, as, under Him, they us,We are not sure if the rough diagramThey draw in heaven and we interpret here,Be sure of operation, if the WillSupreme, that sometimes for some special endThe course of providential nature breaksBy miracle, may not of these same starsCancel his own first draft, or overruleWhat else fore-written all else overrules.As, for example, should the Will AlmightyPermit the Free-will of particular manTo break the meshes of else strangling fateWhich Free-will, fearful of foretold abuse,I have myself from my own son for-closedFrom ever possible self-extrication;A terrible responsibility,Not to the conscience to be reconciledUnless opposing almost certain evilAgainst so slight contingency of good.Wellthus perplexd, I have resolved at lastTo bring the thing nto trial: whereuntoHere have I summond you, my Peers, and youWhom I more dearly look to, failing him,As witnesses to that which I propose;And thus propose the doing it. Clotaldo, Who guards my son with old fidelity,Shall bring him hither from his tower by nightLocked in a sleep so fast as by my artI rivet to within a link of death,But yet from death so far, that next days dawnShall wake him up upon the royal bed,Complete in consciousness and faculty,When with all princely pomp and retinueMy loyal Peers with due obeisanceShall hail him Segismund, the Prince of Poland.Then if with any show of human kindnessHe fling discredit, not upon the stars,But upon me, their misinterpreter,With all apology mistaken ageCan make to youth it never meant to harm,To my sons forehead will I shift the crownI long have wishd upon a younger brow;And in religious humiliation,For what of worn-out age remains to me,Entreat my pardon both of Heaven and himFor tempting destinies beyond my reach.But if, as I misdoubt, at his first stepThe hoof of the predicted savage shows;Before predicted mischief can be done,The self-same sleep that loosed him from the chainShall re-consign him, not t o loose again.Then shall I, having lost that heir direct,Look solely to my sisters children twainEach of a claim so equal as dividesThe voice of Poland to their several sides,But, as I trust, to be entwined ere longInto one single wreath so fair and strongAs shall at once all difference atone,And cease the realms division with their own.Cousins and Princes, Peers and Councillors,Such is the purport of this invitation,And such is my design. Whose furtheranceIf not as Sovereign, if not as Seer,Yet one whom these white locks, if nothing else,To patient acquiescence consecrate,I now demand and even supplicate. .uede6fdd2f8eaac9cc0972f4a55cc0e3a , .uede6fdd2f8eaac9cc0972f4a55cc0e3a .postImageUrl , .uede6fdd2f8eaac9cc0972f4a55cc0e3a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uede6fdd2f8eaac9cc0972f4a55cc0e3a , .uede6fdd2f8eaac9cc0972f4a55cc0e3a:hover , .uede6fdd2f8eaac9cc0972f4a55cc0e3a:visited , .uede6fdd2f8eaac9cc0972f4a55cc0e3a:active { border:0!important; } .uede6fdd2f8eaac9cc0972f4a55cc0e3a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uede6fdd2f8eaac9cc0972f4a55cc0e3a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uede6fdd2f8eaac9cc0972f4a55cc0e3a:active , .uede6fdd2f8eaac9cc0972f4a55cc0e3a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uede6fdd2f8eaac9cc0972f4a55cc0e3a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uede6fdd2f8eaac9cc0972f4a55cc0e3a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uede6fdd2f8eaac9cc0972f4a55cc0e3a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uede6fdd2f8eaac9cc0972f4a55cc0e3a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uede6fdd2f8eaac9cc0972f4a55cc0e3a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uede6fdd2f8eaac9cc0972f4a55cc0e3a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uede6fdd2f8eaac9cc0972f4a55cc0e3a .uede6fdd2f8eaac9cc0972f4a55cc0e3a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uede6fdd2f8eaac9cc0972f4a55cc0e3a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Solzhenitsyn's "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich" Essay

Islamic Law an Example of the Topic Government and Law Essays by

Islamic Law Introduction: Need essay sample on "Islamic Law" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Every country or nation has its rules and regulations to keep order in society. The United States laws are form through the common and basic laws of the British in 1776 after it gained its independence. Let me not forget to mention that those laws are in some variations are based on mosaic laws from the Judaic culture. However, the Middle East including Arab nations has the majority of their ruling through the Shariah law or Islamic Law. Most Arab countries have the system of combining both the religious and the basic law incorporated into their system of government. Through the course of the paper, first I will introduce a brief history of the Islamic Law in the Middle East and Muslim countries, and then a comparison of the punishments in the United States and then the same case in an Arab country. History of Islamic Jurisprudence: During the lifetime of Prophet Muhammad religion and politics were not apart, the political development was what encourage the spread of Islam. The forming of politics went alongside with the formation of the Ummah (Muslim Community). After the death of the prophet the separation is unthinkable and most Muslim states have their legitimacy through the law of Allah (God in Arabic). Religion is the foundation of the state and therefore, the state is a religious institution, so there cannot be a separation between the state and religion. The Quran has few legislative regulations against unfair business practices, and punishments for theft, murder and adultery but the passages are mostly for the inpidual in specific cases (Nasr, 1997). Islamic jurisprudence is assumed to have began in the circles of discussions. Where court decisions of early Islamic times were analyzed and discussed the regulations of the Quran and the Hadith to solve new problems. These discussions by scholars were the beginnings of the first schools of law. Under the rule of the Umayyads (661-750), the first Muslim Dynasty, studied the Hadith and considered it to also be of pine origin. This is why the Hadith has the same level of the Quran to be pine. Therefore, their beliefs is that if Muhammad really is the role model of the Muslim Community, than not only is his revelation but his behavior must be binding for all of the believers. The regulations of the Quran were interpreted together with Muhammads behavior as the local customary law. This had to be binding regulations to be found in the interest of unity for the growing Islamic empire (Tahir, 1999). College Students Very Often Tell Us: How much do I have to pay someone to make my assignment in time? Professional writers advise: Get Your Essay Before The Deadline Interpretation of Islamic Law: For Westerners, Islamic law may seem to be strict, but the main purpose is to guide people in a direction to live their lives in a pure and clean fashion. In the perspective of Westerners they may seem the punishments of those violating Islamic law to be brutal and cruel. But for many Muslims, these punishments are just and minor compared to the ultimate punishment that is in the hands of God in the Day of Judgment. As a result, Islamic law has a positive impact on the society by helping others through required charitable donations known as the Zakat. The law extends itself to every aspect of life from the usage of water from how to do banking (Seestani, 1994). Shariah Law or Islamic law is based on the holy scriptures of Islam, the Quran (Koran). The Quran is the primary source for Islamic law and is the foundation for Muslim scholars to achieved guidelines for different interpretations. Muslims believed that the Quran is the word of Allah (God) and what is written is considered to be sacred and it must be obeyed. However, the Quran is elastic giving people guidelines as to how to live their lives without any specifics (Surayya, 2000). For the clearance of confusion of the Holy Scripture, scholars began using the Hadith (narrations of the actions and sayings of the prophet Muhammad) to make specifics in Islamic law. Another source for Islamic law is the lijitihad meaning reasonable deduction, these allows for Islamic law to be adapt progressively and applicable in modern times. For instance, the Quran forbids the consumption of alcohol but did not include the usage of illegal substances such as heroine. The Lijitihad suggests that the reason that alcohol is forbidden is due to its negative effect on the human senses and society, therefore, heroine has the same effect and is also forbidden (Hathout, 1998). Considered to be one of the strictest codes of law ever written Islamic law touches on every aspect of life. The law dictates how to conduct business transactions, how to kill animals and marriage. The reason why this law is so tough is because it is a guideline of how people should live without being disrespectful, harmful or immortal. It clearly differentiates the line between right and wrong and has laws for the prevention of the person not to place themselves in wrongful situations (Mithani, 1994). Islamic laws are not made in vain and have good reasoning for their issuance, there just and for this it might seem strict (Crane, 1999). Those who are not part of the religion of Islam may perceive the punishments of offenders as medieval and to be cruel and barbaric. This view is due to the news reports about people in countries such as Nigeria and Afghanistan being stoned and having their hands amputated for committing crimes for theft or consuming alcohol. In Islamic law, punishments acts as deterrents to discourage people from breaking the laws, however, since most people who follow the law fear Allah (God) and these punishments are just and minor compared to the ultimate punishment sent to them by Allah (God in Arabic) on the Day of Judgment (Nizami, 1999). Compare and Contrast Islamic Law VS U.S. Criminal Law: Since the United States is considered to be a secular country which is the separation of state and religion. However, the criminal laws of the U.S are somewhat based on the Hebrew laws of Moses named Mosaic laws. One thing is certain considering both styles of laws that the systems in western countries have higher crime rates than those of the Muslim world. In the United States, since the culture of society is based on the inpidual, human rights, and the spread of democracy, it allows for the justice system to have laws that can slow down the procedures of courts. Judges have to be concern with no violating the right of the inpidual. However, because of this it allows for offenders to repeat the same crimes continuing to fill the correction facilities (English, 2006) . The difference in both systems is where does the legal codes reflects, the western society it is based on the human rights and in dignity of the inpidual, however, there are some judges who are going back through time to use punishments of public shame having an effect and lowering the rates of return (Taboo, 2004). Cultural and Social structures are the guide of the legal system in the United States, since there is no official religion it allows for the law to be less cruel because it is frown up in the western society. However, that is not the same in all cultures, the community is more valuable than the inpidual. Not all societies, believe in our same values and their laws are stricter preserving more their values, this is the reasoning for the Islamic Law in the Muslim world. On the other hand, the values of the Muslim world are different than those is the United States, their values are more towards the unity of society and the inpiduals behavior is a reflection of the ummah. The punishments are done to stop the inpidual from embarrassing the family and society as a whole. The purpose of their legal system is the preservation of moral and social codes that unifies the community. The community is the reflection of the inpidual and vice versa. Human rights and inpiduality are not important, as it is the status of the entire community. Islamic law enforces these values that are so important for the existence of their culture and values. (Nasr, 1997). Conclusion: Comparing both of the systems of laws, it comes to the realization that lower crime rate are shown in countries who have used Islamic law as a way to rule. The negative images we associate with the punishments of Islamic law make this countries less civilize and cruel but in reality these countries end up being safer than many places in the United States. On thing that Islamic law allows for compassion, unity and to help the less fortunate. This in some way makes the society responsible for everyone and not just those who have the money or the goods. Under Islamic law everyone must give a 2.5% of your earnings to charities and social services. The United States difference is culture and social structures values the inpidual instead of the groups and so its laws tend to be less cruel and more tolerant to the offenders. However, the laws become soft in controlling the behavior of the inpidual making it irresponsible towards the society. The monies it receives from tax prayers to maintain inpiduals in prisons should be place for recreation centers and for the improvement of education. This would allowed for preventative measures to control the inpiduals behavior among society. If the United States would try to create harder laws in it system people would stop coming crimes and respecting the state more. Our justice system could learn a lot from Islam and its law for the better of the government system in general. What it is clear is that Islamic law does have much of a compassionate aspect to it and has concern for those less fortunate, something that is not attributed to Western society. It is apparent that the negative feelings towards Islamic law by the West is due to ignorance and a fear for anything associated with the religion of Islam. The reasoning supporting these punishments under Islamic law is rational and collectively thought to be just by the Muslim Community. References: Chaudhry, Rashid Ahmad. (1989) Stories From Early Islam. Surrey, UK: Islam International PublicationsLtd. Crane, Robert D. (1999) The Essence of Islamic Law; Retrieved February 4, 2007 English Legal History Materials (2006) Rules of Law University of Houston, Department of History; Accessed on January 29, 2007 Hathout, Dr. Hassan. (1998)Basics of Sharia Retrieved February 4, 2007 Mithani, Abbas. (1994) Islamic Wills. Stanmore, Middx, UK: The World Federation of Khoja Shia Ithna-Asheri Muslim Communities Nasr, Seyyed Vali Reza. (1997) Islam; The 1997 Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia. Vers. 9.01M. Danbury, CT:Grolier, 1997. Nizami, Ahmed Mahmood. (1999) Islamic Law, Retrieved February 5, 2007: http://members.tripod.com/myislam/sources.html Seestani, Ayatullah. (1994) Islamic Laws. Stanmore Middx, UK: The World Federation of Khoja Ithna-Asher Muslim Communities Surayya (2000) Sources of Islamic Law [Discussion], [Online]: Available USENET Newsgroup: alt.religion.islam. Tahir-ul-Qadri, Dr. Muhammad. (1999) Islamic Concept of Law Retrieved February 5, 2007 from the Internet: http://www.minhaj.org/publications/Preview/islamic_penal_system/part_one/chap ter_three.htm Taboo (2004) Taboo Series DVD, Season 2, Episode 4 Justice National Geographic Explorer, Copyrighted 2004 Warner Brothers Video